Archive for the ‘Andrew Lee’ Category

Snakeoil Security

Monday, September 6th, 2010

This is a really good article about how poor  security products can appear to work, but actually increase the problem:

http://ha.ckers.org/blog/20100904/the-effect-of-snakeoil-security/ *

The article also links to a good article about the ACUTrust product (which no longer exists) http://ha.ckers.org/acutrust/ – which contains the following quote

“like most systems that use cryptography it is not a vulnerable algorithm, but the system that uses it is”

This really does bear repeating as many times as possible. Just because a product claims to use cryptography – most will claim to be using AES256 – doesn’t mean they’re using it in a way that makes the system secure. Cryptography is all too often a security panacea, a ‘buzzword’ that makes the user feel like they’re safe, but the importance is, as always, in the implementation.

One of the best examples of this sort of failure I’ve seen recently is this http://gizmodo.com/5602445/the-200-biometric-lock-versus-a-paperclip. The incredibly secure biometrics in the lock mean nothing if the manual lock can be opened with a paperclip. Adding a stronger mechanism to a weaker one does not strengthen the system.

So why does this sort of failure happen so frequently? It really happens because security practitioners, as well as the people who buy security products, often don’t see the big picture. Security is about people, and what people will do (or not do) to the systems that they are presented with. A classic example is enforcing a strict ‘strong’ password policy that means that users write down their password, and stick it to the monitor so they don’t forget it.

Security isn’t really about products, or technologies – those can be enablers, but it is about seeing where the weaknesses are, understanding the risks, and taking what measures are possible to ensure those risks are minimised. Buying into ‘hot’ products is not a reasonable investment if you don’t understand what you are buying and why you’re buying it.

I personally am coming to believe that the greatest failure of security over the last 20 years is that we have failed to understand that we are securing (for and against) people not technologies, and people do the strangest things.

Andrew Lee
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing

* Thanks to @securityninja for the original link

Sins of Ommission

Wednesday, August 18th, 2010

It’s not really related to malware, but this is an interesting article that brings up a few issues that should be highligthed.

http://www.bankinfosecurity.com/articles.php?art_id=2846

Firstly, the cheque images in question are used as a security feature, you can view them online to see when and where they were cashed, and they are attached to a specific transaction. Those who don’t have a US bank account might not be familiar with such a system – however, the fact that the cheque now exists online should be a red-flag for security, and you would expect it to be protected as part of the bank account (your cheques, after all, have your signature on them, along with your bank details and a sample of your handwriting). The key to the success of this breach was that the images were all stored in a single online database. This in itself is a huge vulnerability.

Secondly, just because something is not a regulatory requirement, doesn’t mean that it shouldn’t be done as a matter of course. Holding such a database, and knowing that it contains data that would be very useful in fraud, then it makes sense to use encryption to protect it - so in this case fact that they were not encrypted simply makes it worse. It’s like saying that we were only required to put locks on the doors, but the regulations didn’t state we needed to close the windows.

Many European banks are moving away from paper driven cheques, and that would of course reduce or eliminate this specific attack, but what doesn’t seem to be happening is any assumption by the banks of attack. For instance, my bank has implemented some rudimentary anti-phishing protections, but it still uses a very weak password based account entry, which any key-logger could get around (unless of course I’m using a secure browser like K7SecureWeb or SafeCentral), and that combined with  a screen-scraper could easily compromise the anti-phishing measures.

Probably, as things get more serious (in terms of fraud) for the banks, there will be much more concentration on securing things. For now, the sad fact is that the consumers are not driving this, because they don’t care – the losses are to the banks, because of consumer protection (at least in the EU and USA). The reason my bank (along with most other British and US banks) have such poor security is that at the moment, the customers aren’t demanding higher security. That, coupled with silly things like only implementing the letter, rather than the spirit of regulation, is not going to bode well for the online banking in the near future.

Meanwhile, the Anti-malware industry gets a harder and harder rap for not being able to clean up all the mess, while what really needs to happen is for everyone to take a bit more responsibility for their actions, and understand that there are real threats out there, that cannot just be addressed by anti-malware alone, nor indeed any purely technology based solution.

Andrew Lee CISSP
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing

Virus Bulletin Seminar Announced

Monday, August 9th, 2010

Virus Bulletin have announced the first in a new series of Seminars. Aimed towards the corporate IT Admins and security practitioners, the day long seminar will look at protecting organisations in the modern age of Internet enabled crime.

Speakers include

  • Bryan Littlefair, Vodafone Group
  • Bob Burls, Police Central e-Crime Unit
  • Graham Cluley, Sophos
  • Alex Shipp
  • David Evans, Information Commissioner’s Office
  • Andrew Lee, K7 Computing
  • Martin Overton, IBM
  • Richard Martin, UK Payments Administration

http://www.virusbtn.com/seminar/index.xml

There’s an early bird price available, and seats are likely to fill up fast, so get in early!

Andrew Lee CISSP
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing

More AMTSO stuff

Wednesday, July 14th, 2010

They say there’s no such thing as bad publicity, though quite who ‘they’ are, and why ‘they’ would make such a clearly daft statement is beyond me. It seems that AMTSO has had it’s fair share of bad publicity recently -  a further example is the piece by Ed Moyle over on his blog at http://www.securitycurve.com/wordpress/archives/1773. It’s a long article, but it does show that Ed clearly doesn’t understand (or doesn’t want to accept) what AMTSO is trying to do – maybe that does just mean that AMTSO needs a better PR representation. Anyway, once again Kurt Wismer (or perhaps I should adopt his anti capitalist rendering and use kurt wismer) has provided some excellent analysis of Ed’s piece over on his blog at http://anti-virus-rants.blogspot.com/2010/07/i-see-standards-organization.html

There’s little more that really needs to be said from my perspective. For the record, I personally agree with Kurt (just can’t seem to get my head around the ‘kurt’ thing), in his analysis of the NSS report done by AMTSO – which seems to be at the root of this whole anti AMTSO campaign. The central point is that NSS did a good job, and came very close to the ideal – (if you haven’t read the review, then it’s here). It’s unfortunate that that has been taken as a negative thing or a slight against them to say that they did not fully meet the ideal standard set by AMTSO – it was still far better than many other tests, and I have every hope that people are sensible enough to recognise that. It’s hard for me to see quite how Ed jumps from that report to an accusation that AMTSO is ‘Slapping the labs’ – an argument even harder to see when a lab like Dennis Technology Lab (who have very similar methodology to NSS) voluntarily submitted their own test for the AMTSO review process (see the report here).

If there’s one thing we can learn from this, it’s that it does seem that there’s a double standard here – testers can criticise AV vendors with impunity in their reviews and tests of AV products, but when someone tries to apply that same process and rigour to the tests done by those testers, that is somehow anathema. Personally, I think that’s shoddy thinking, and I have no doubt that AMTSO will continue to strive, as it has done from inception, to provide the public with an insight into tests, and to support good testing practice (and incidentally point out less than ideal practice where needed).

Andrew Lee
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing

AMTSO in the Media

Tuesday, July 13th, 2010

David Harley has now started to maintain a log of media mentions of AMTSO over on the AMTSO blog:

http://amtso.wordpress.com/amtso-in-the-media/

It’s hoped this will contain all articles (good or bad) about AMTSO, so please leave a comment over there if you see some article that’s not listed.

Andrew Lee
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing

The edge of reason(ableness): AV Testing and the new creation scientists

Wednesday, July 7th, 2010

First, let me start out by saying that I am in a bad mood. I probably shouldn’t write when I’m in this mood, because I’m in danger of just ranting, but I’m going to anyway. I’m in a bad mood because I am pretty fed up that some people are so deliberately trying to destroy something I’ve personally (along with many others) worked very hard to build in the last couple of years.

I’m in a bad mood because writing this is distracting me from the many other things that I need to do, and get paid to do.

I’m in a bad mood because I’m fed up with hearing that I, and others like me, have no right to comment on things that fall directly within my realm of expertise (and goodness knows, that’s a narrow enough realm) – and that if I do, it’s simply self-interested nonsense.

Secondly, let me also point out that although I’m now going to reveal that, yes, I’m talking about Anti-Malware Testing, and may mention AMTSO, I’m not speaking on behalf of AMTSO, nor my employer, nor anyone else, but me, myself and I (oh, that there were so many of us).

So, “What’s the rumpus?*” Well, in what has become an almost unbelievable farce, the last few weeks have seen mounting attacks on the AMTSO group and what it does.

For some background – those who are interested can read these articles.

http://kevtownsend.wordpress.com/2010/06/27/anti-malware-testing-standards-organization-a-dissenting-view/

http://krebsonsecurity.com/2010/06/anti-virus-is-a-poor-substitute-for-common-sense/

There are some very good points in the second (Krebs) article, although cantankerous is not something that I would say characterizes AMTSO all that well – as Lysa Myers has pointed out ‘AMTSO is made of people‘, and I think the generally negative tone employed is a shame. The first (Townsend) article is way more problematic; there’s just so much wrong with Mr Townsend’s thinking that I don’t really know where to start. Fortunately, Kurt Wismer has already done a great job of responding here, and David Harley an equally competent job here.

So why my response? Well, probably because I certainly am cantankerous.

I’m also, almost uniquely in this industry (David Harley is another), formerly one of those “users” that Mr Townsend is so adamant should be controlling the process of AMTSO’s output – indeed, the whole of AVIEN was set up in the year 2000 as an organisation of interested, non-vendor employed, users – albeit users who knew something about anti-malware issues. We were users responsible for protecting large enterprises, who wanted to be able to share breaking anti-virus information without the interference of Vendors or the noise of such cesspools as alt.comp.virus. We wanted good, reliable information.

I, like David Harley, later joined the industry as a Vendor, but I still understand what it is to be a user, and that was also a huge consideration in the setup of AMTSO – as so many have said before, and I want to reiterate here, bad testing of anti-virus products hurts everyone, the user most especially.

However, this debate is much more than just one on which we can ‘agree to differ’  – like whether Germany or Spain has the better football team might be – it’s much more fudamental than that.

Indeed, the only real analogy that comes close is that of the battle currently raging between the so called  faith based ‘science’ of creationists (let’s not prevaricate, Intelligent Design is just a euphemism for Creationism), and the research based science of evolutionary biologists and so on.

On the one hand, you have anti-malware researchers, professional testers and so on; people who study malware every day, who constantly deal with the realities of malware exploiting users, and who understand better than anyone the challenges that we face in tackling malware – if you like, the “Richard Dawkinses of anti-malware” (though I certainly would not claim to match his eloquence nor intelligence) -  and on the other hand, we have those outside the industry who say that we’re all wrong, that we’re just a “self-perpetuating cesspool populated by charlatans” (yet none the less, a cesspool at which the media feeds most voraciously), that nobody needs AV, and that everything the AV community does or says is bunk.

What I find so extraordinary (in both cases) is that those who are most in a position to provide trusted commentary on the subject are so ignored, in favour of those who have shrill, but ill-informed voices. Why is it that information from a tester; who may have just woken up one morning and decided to ‘test’ antivirus products; is taken on faith as being correct and true; and yet, when a group of professional people give up their time voluntarily, and work together to try to produce some documentation that sets out the ways in which anti-malware products can be tested effectively (and, no, that has nothing in particular to do with the WildList) and reliably, is it so violently decried as self-interested nonsense. It’s a terrible shame that science is so deliberately ignored in the face of popular opinion. Unfortunately, millions of people CAN be wrong, and often are.

AMTSO is not about dictating truth, but rather pointing out ways in which truth can be reliably found (and importantly, where it cannot).

I refuse to lie down and take it when someone tries to tell me that I’ve no right to point out the truth – and I’m not talking about truth based on some millenia old scripture, but real, hard, repeatable, scientifically verifiable, researched fact. If that makes me as unpopular as Richard Dawkins is to a creationist, then so be it.

If you’re interested in understanding why anti-virus testing is so important (and why so many professional testers participate in AMTSO) then, please, do have a read of the AMTSO scriptures er… documents, here.

Andrew Lee – AVIEN CEO, Cantankerous AV researcher.

* If you’ve not seen the excellent movie “Miller’s Crossing” you won’t know where that quote comes from.

(Thanks to Graham Cluley for pointing out that the first link didn’t go to the correct page.)

Brief hiatus

Monday, July 5th, 2010

Our reader may note that it’s been quiet around here for a few weeks. Far from this being due to a lack of news, it’s rather that there have been a huge number of other things demanding time and attention. Not least of these is me trying to submit my master’s thesis on time, that and a few conferences, papers and other matters mean that we’re a little understaffed at AVIEN right now. Normal intermittent service should be resumed shortly.

Andrew Lee
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing

NTEOTWAWKI

Thursday, June 10th, 2010

Given all the hype generated by the ridiculously titled Gawker Article about the so called ‘iPad’ hack, I’m somewhat reluctant to add to any more of the noise over what is really a pretty run of the mill story, but because I’m procrastinating on other jobs, I’ll write something. Warning: this story does involve the shocking exposure of people’s email addresses, said addresses getting revealed when they shouldn’t have been, and yes….er…well, no, that’s about it actually.

Indeed, Paul Ducklin of Sophos wrote a very nice article stating the rather important fact that, every time you send an email, that passes your email out on to the open internet. Of course, that’s not an excuse to have a poorly written web app that will spit out the email addresses of your partner company’s clientele at will. Partner company, I hear you cry, wasn’t this an Apple problem? Yes, indeed, this is absolutely nothing to do with Apple, it’s not an Apple problem, and it’s not a breach of Apple’s security, nor is it a breach of the iPad. In fact, it was solely down to a web application on AT&T’s website. It doesn’t even involve touching an iPad. But, but, you may splutter, isn’t this is an iPad disaster? No. Not even slightly; not once did the ‘attackers’ go near any one’s iPad. The ‘attack’ was purely a script  that sent ICCID numbers (this links a SIM card to an email address) to the AT&T application, in sequence, to see if their database had that number with an email attached – and if so, that came back. That’s right, it’s a SIM card identifier. The only ‘iPad’ part is that the ‘attackers’ spoofed the browser in the requests, to make the app think the request was coming from an iPad.

The upshot is that, as this page rightly points out (thanks to @securityninja for the link)

“There’s no hack, no infiltration, and no breach, just a really poorly designed web application that returns e-mail address when ICCID is passed to it.”

So, the correct title of that original Gawker article might have been “Badly designed AT&T web application leaks email addresses when given SIM card ID”, but that wouldn’t be “The End Of The World As We Know It”.

In a week where one ‘journalist’ writing here (thanks to @paperghost for the link) claimed that some security people confessing to being ‘hackers’ (whatever that means) “confirms our suspicions that the whole IT insecurity industry is a self-perpetuating cesspool populated by charlatans”, it might be time for the world of the media to turn that oh so critical eye on itself and ask who is really generating the hype in the information security world?

If you’re interested in keeping up with genuine Mac/Apple related security issues, a good resource is maintained here by my good friend David Harley

UPDATE: The original ‘attackers’ have published a response to the furore here. Pretty much confirms what I was saying

“There was no breach, intrusion, or penetration, by any means of the word.”

Andrew Lee
CEO AVIEN/CTO K7 Computing

Attack of the Mutant Zombie Flesh Eating Chickens From Mars

Thursday, May 27th, 2010

Yesterday there was widespread reportage of one of those periodic stories that make media types drool; and make security experts cringe in despair.

However, this ‘summer slow day news story’ was so widely (mis)reported, that it does bear commenting on. The story in question was titled (by the BBC) as “First Human Infected with Computer Virus“. This of course conjures up the idea of a person getting sick, by means of malicious computer code (a claim that is, and will remain for a significant amount of time, well within the realm of science fiction).

What actually happened is much more mundane. It appears that the ‘researcher’ placed a piece of replicating code onto an RFID chip, and used that to infect the reader control system which then (at least in theory) could then pass the code back to other similar RFID devices. So far, so boring. We know that it is possible to have storage devices contain code (malicious or not) and pass that code between themselves via other systems. The difference in this case is that the researcher then injected the ‘infected’ (rather bizzarely he refers to this as ‘corrupted’ making me doubt that it was even a virus) chip into his hand, and claimed that this made him infected.

The news stories all got caught up with the fact that this gave him special Jedi powers enabling him to open doors with a simple wave of his hands (ok, maybe they didn’t exactly say that, but hand waving was involved), or…horror of all horrors….activate his mobile phone. Surely a deadly device if one had ever been made. So; we already know that RFID chips can open doors (after all, that’s a valid use for many of them) and they can carry code. The ONLY difference is that this ‘researcher’ inserted the chip into his flesh. To claim that this makes him ‘infected by a computer virus’ is a bit like saying that if I dropped the same chip into a cup of coffee, a steaming fresh cow pat, or even a mutant zombie flesh eating chicken from Mars, those would also be ‘infected’.

As Graham Cluley pointed out, the only interest that this story might have generated otherwise would be in a security research into vulnerabilities of RFID readers. You need a vulnerable reader to get affected by the code, and then you need to be able to read the other RFID tags/chips with that reader to ‘infect’ them. There’s a valid point in that RFID exploits could be used to compromise security and or privacy – but that’s not new knowledge, we’ve known that for many years.

As Chris Boyd (@paperghost on Twitter) nicely summed up “In conclusion then, “man infected with computer virus” is basically “device for opening doors works as intended”.”

Andrew Lee
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing

Breaking up is never easy…LoveBug, the day after.

Wednesday, May 5th, 2010

The LoveBug/Loveletter/Iloveyou worm (much more geekishly called VBS/Loveletter.a@mm by, well, AV geeks) has become one of those legendary events in malware history. The fact that 10 years on we’re still writing about it. Not only that, but many of us will remember exactly where we were and what we were doing when we first heard about it – in fact many more might remember it than were actually there :) .

Still, I remember exactly where I was – I was in Reading, at Microsoft headquarters attending a security seminar and my Blackberry (one of the very early ones, with a greyscale LCD screen), started to go off regularly. I grabbed the next train back to Dorset, got into work, and spent the next ten hours ensuring that nothing bad was going to happen on our network. Many other people have written about their memories of the day – 10 years ago yesterday – including Graham Cluley and Mikko Hypponen, and indeed our own David Harley, and I’ve nothing to add to that. You see – we were using Lotus Notes (~shudder~) and not one single system got infected – although we did get a tremendous amount of email, which very quickly got blocked once we knew the attachment name. No, I remember the Loveletter for what happened 10 years ago TODAY, the 5th of May. And, it is a tale I felt worth sharing, about how even good information about one situation is not necessarily applicable across the board.

Although they were not directly under my responsibility, my team had involvement with the IT systems of all the schools across Dorset, and while none of the systems we were responsible for were affected by Loveletter, this was not true of other systems within the schools, which were under supervision of the school’s own IT personnel. On the morning of the 5th of May, I sent out a message to everyone on our network to the effect that “Our network was not affected by the VBS/Loveletter worm, and no damage resulted from any mails that were opened within our network, but we request that you remain vigilant and avoid opening attachments that are not work related. We also suggest that you install an Anti-virus product at home, and ensure that any mails with the subject “ILOVEYOU” are deleted without being opened” This was the very last time I ever sent out such a message, not because it was incorrect, but because the information ended up being spread outside of our organisation – particularly in schools, where I’m sure people felt they were being helpful by forwarding my email – at which point I got several very angry phonecalls and emails abusing me for my lack of intelligence. The reason? The information was only true of our organisation, and those whose networks DID end up getting affected (Loveletter also deleted .jpg/jpeg images) were angry that I so downplayed the risks of the worm while they were watching it eat through all the images on their servers and workstations. In fact, many of the schools were running Microsoft Exchange and Outlook, and once their systems were infected, many pupils lost work.

This highlights the fact that information is often specific, it isn’t necessarily relevant to all situations. Think of it like fire extinguishers; they have specific uses on specific types of fires – don’t go spraying a water extinguisher onto an electrical or fat fire, you will get burned.

User education is often very difficult, and one of the reasons it is so is that there are so many variables, so many different ways that things can go wrong. In a way the Loveletter worm was one of the first Phishing attacks – it combined clever social engineering with malicious code to steal passwords. David Harley and I have written fairly extensively on Phishing, including examining whether the sort of ‘anti-phishing’ quizzes we’ve seen on some security sites are actually of any use. As far as I’m concerned, the jury is still out – there’s far too little common sense, too much irrelevant information, and it takes (literally) a lifetime to become a security expert; you can’t expect people to learn in five minutes.

As David mentioned yesterday, AVIEN was formed out of the need for non-vendors working in the AV industry to get fast and accurate information about spreading threats – I was glad to find that the instances where such information got so wildly misconstrued as in my Loveletter incident were few and far between. AVIEN also has its 10th birthday this year – more of that later in the year.

As an aside, I later applied for a job at one of the schools that had been affected, imagine how my heart sank when my interviewer turned out to be one of the people who had written me an angry email…no, I didn’t get the job! Anyway, it’s all water under the bridge, and since it is the 5th of May, my greetings to all my Mexican/Southern Californian friends, who will no doubt be regretting their today’s activities tomorrow morning.

Andrew Lee CISSP
AVIEN CEO / CTO K7 Computing